{"id":2694,"date":"2022-01-21T20:54:02","date_gmt":"2022-01-22T01:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/?p=2694"},"modified":"2022-01-21T21:09:31","modified_gmt":"2022-01-22T02:09:31","slug":"lisa-pmugil-cephalus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/lisa-pmugil-cephalus\/","title":{"rendered":"Lisa <i>(Mugil cephalus)<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2694\" class=\"elementor elementor-2694\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-307fb4e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"307fb4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a2be5b\" data-id=\"8a2be5b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85643e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85643e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lisa (Mugil cephalus)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5c69cd elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5c69cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41c12a6\" data-id=\"41c12a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-12a467e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12a467e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-201822e\" data-id=\"201822e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e5c6af elementor-skin-carousel elementor-arrows-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-media-carousel\" data-id=\"4e5c6af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_per_view&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:8,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;show_arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"media-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-main-swiper swiper-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Lisa.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"4e5c6af\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Extraido de : http:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/taxonomy\/48193\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjY5NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3R1bWkubGFtb2xpbmEuZWR1LnBlXC9pbmZvcGVzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIyXC8wMVwvTGlzYS5qcGVnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNGU1YzZhZiJ9\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Lisa.jpeg)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b805c9a\" data-id=\"b805c9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1afb4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1afb4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i>Se distribuye desde California Central (EE.UU), hasta Valdvia (Chile) e islas Gal\u00e1pagos, en la costa peruana se halla ampliamente distribuida, asociada a la desembocadura de los r\u00edos presentando las mayores concentraciones en el \u00e1rea norte del Per\u00fa. Habita frecuentemente en ambientes estuarinos y de agua dulce. Posee h\u00e1bitos alimenticios diurnos, consumiendo principalmente zooplancton, materia vegetal y detritos.<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7dd041b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7dd041b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c53ec68\" data-id=\"c53ec68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f1191e elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"8f1191e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-8f1191e\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active \" data-tabid=\"8f1191e\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"biologa-y-ecologa\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"biologa-y-ecologa-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Biolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"pesquera\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"pesquera-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pesquer\u00eda<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"comercializacin\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"comercializacin-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Comercializaci\u00f3n<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"manejo-y-estado-de-explotacin\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"manejo-y-estado-de-explotacin-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Manejo y estado de explotaci\u00f3n<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"referencias-bibliogrfica\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"referencias-bibliogrfica-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Referencias bibliogr\u00e1fica<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"biologa-y-ecologa-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"biologa-y-ecologa-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#5F5F5F;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b th{text-align:left;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b th .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap 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td{padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-search{width:200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination{text-align:left;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a, .elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover, .elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current, .elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-2701 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2701\" class=\"elementor elementor-2701\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ae80bcd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ae80bcd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9b93c4\" data-id=\"f9b93c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06415ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06415ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hoja-Tecnica-1-1-1.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b9be9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-advanced-data-table\" data-id=\"8b9be9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-advanced-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap\" data-id=\"8b9be9b\"><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search-wrap ea-advanced-data-table-search-right\"><input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Buscar\" class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search\"><\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap-inner\">\n                <table class=\"ea-advanced-data-table ea-advanced-data-table-static ea-advanced-data-table-8b9be9b ea-advanced-data-table-sortable ea-advanced-data-table-paginated ea-advanced-data-table-searchable\" data-id=\"8b9be9b\" data-items-per-page=\"10\"><thead><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><p><strong> DISTRIBUCI\u00d3N <\/strong> <\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>Latitudinal :<\/strong>Habita en las aguas costeras de la mayor\u00eda de las regiones tropicales y subtropicales. En el Atl\u00e1ntico occidental, se le encuentra desde Nueva Escocia, Canad\u00e1, hasta Brazil, incluyendo el Golfo de M\u00e9xico. habita desde la Bah\u00eda de Biscaya (Francia) hasta Sud\u00e1frica, incluyendo el Mar Mediterr\u00e1neo y el Mar Negro. La distribuci\u00f3n del Pac\u00edfico oriental abarca desde el sur de California hasta Chile. (Ref 7).<\/p><p>Se distribuye desde California Central (EE.UU), hasta Valdvia (Chile) e islas Gal\u00e1pagos (Ref 4).<\/p><p>En la costa peruana se halla ampliamente distribuida, asociada a la desembocadura de los r\u00edos presentando las mayores concentraciones en el \u00e1rea norte del Per\u00fa expresada en la abundancia de los desembarques. (Ref 6).<\/p><p>Especie de distribuci\u00f3n circumtropical, pero tambi\u00e9n presente en muchas regiones templadas (Ref 17)<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Longitudinal :Batimetrica :<\/strong>Llega hasta los 40 m de profundidad, preferentemente sobre fondos de arena. Hay autores que se\u00f1alas que la mayor profundidad que alcanza en el mar es de 1.800 m (Ref 5).<\/p><p>Desde la orilla hasta unos 120 m de produndidad (Ref 17)<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Migraciones:<\/strong>La tasa de Sr:Ca es el mejor indicador de migracion encontrado en los otolitos de las lisas (Ref 23)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>IMPACTO DEL NI\u00d1O<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><br><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>H\u00c1BITAT<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Es cat\u00e1dromo, encontr\u00e1ndosele frecuentemente en ambientes estuarinos y de agua dulce. Se han encontrado lisas adultos en aguas cuyo rango de salinidad oscila desde cero hasta 75%. (Ref 7).<\/span><\/p><p>Mugil cephalus es una especie marina costera, eurihalina, que habitualmente llega hasta los 40 m de profundidad, preferentemente sobre fondos de arena. Tambi\u00e9n penetra pos las desembocaduras de los r\u00edos y estuarios y llega a lugares tan distantes de la costa como 50 km (Ref 8).<\/p><p>Com\u00fan sobre fondos fango-arenosos y rocosos y es m\u00e1s abundante en bah\u00edas y lagunas de aguas salobres y estuarios (Ref 17)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>REPRODUCCI\u00d3N<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>Estrategia reproductiva :&nbsp;<\/strong>Epecie marina, que penetra en estuarios y aguas dulces; sin embargo desova en el mar y luego los j\u00f3venes entran en el estuario (Ref 8).<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Tipo de fecundaci\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Fecundidad:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>La fecundidad se estima en 0,5\u20132,0 millones de huevos por hembra (Ref 7).<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Talla media de madurez:<\/strong>La talla media de la cual el 50% de individuos alcanza su primera madurez es de 29 cm (Ref 9).<\/p><p>30 cm LT (Ref 21)<\/p><p>En el mar negro bulgaro, las lisas hembras maduran a los 19.5 cm y los machos a los 16.9 cm (Ref 22)<\/p><p><strong>Talla media de desove:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>34 cm ( Ref 9)<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Tipo y \u00e9poca de desove:<\/strong>Probablemente oto\u00f1o\/invierno (Ref 17)<\/p><p>Tiene un patr\u00f3n reproductivo con dos periodos de actividad reproductiva: uno de menor intensidad (verano\u2013oto\u00f1o) y otro de mayor intensidad (primavera) (Ref 21)<\/p><p>El periodo de desove en el mar negro bulgaro empieza desde junio hasta septiembre con un pico en julio (Ref 22)<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Proporci\u00f3n sexual:&nbsp;<\/strong>1:1 (Ref 22)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>PAR\u00c1METROS&nbsp;DE CRECIMIENTO Y TASA DE MORTALIDAD<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>&nbsp;(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vR26kq5fKX3XjmdK-wUoTqC6_nUOumYTBtVduon0XyVbfC1lX90ywblyB5sOWBqI3DG2lpe0HoZOUow\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>DIETA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Posee h\u00e1bitos alimenticios diurnos, consumiendo principalmente zooplancton, materia vegetal en decadencia y detritos. Tambi\u00e9n se alimentan de ep\u00edfitos y epifauna del sargazo, al igual que ingieren la nata superficial que contienen micro algas en la interfase aire-agua. Las larvas de lisa se alimentan principalmente de microcrust\u00e1ceos; habi\u00e9ndose encontrado cop\u00e9podos, larvas de mosquitos y desechos de plantas en el est\u00f3mago de larvas de menos de 35 mm de longitud. (Ref 7).Parcialmente carcin\u00f3faga, aliment\u00e1ndose tambi\u00e9n de algas (Porphyra columbina), sardinas y pejerreyes (Ref 12). Tambi\u00e9n se ha se\u00f1alado que se alimenta de peque\u00f1os crust\u00e1ceos y diatomeas (Ref 11).<\/span>Succionan la capa superior de sedimentos, eliminan los detritus y las microalgas, recogen algunos sedimentos que funcionan para moler alimentos en la porci\u00f3n del est\u00f3mago similar a una molleja tambi\u00e9n se alimentan de ep\u00edfitas y epifauna de las hierbas marinas, as\u00ed como de la ingesti\u00f3n de escoria superficial que contiene microalgas en la interfaz aire-agua. Se encontraron cop\u00e9podos, larvas de mosquitos y restos de plantas en el contenido estomacal de larvas de menos de 35 mm de longitud. La cantidad de arena y detritus en el contenido del est\u00f3mago aumenta con la longitud, lo que indica que se ingieren m\u00e1s alimentos del sustrato del fondo a medida que estos peces maduran (Ref 2).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>RANGO DE TOLERANCIA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Tolera grandes variaciones de salinidad, desde aguas hipersalinas hasta dulces (a veces entra en los r\u00edos) (Ref 17)<\/span><\/p><p>Toler\u00f3 un maximo de 122 de salinidad en estuarios de la cosa sur del oeste de Australia (Ref 18)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n            <\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-pagination ea-advanced-data-table-pagination-button clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"pesquera-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"pesquera-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#5F5F5F;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th{text-align:left;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th{color:#444444;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:before{border-bottom-color:#444444;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:after{border-top-color:#444444;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba thead{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table th{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td{text-align:left;color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#D7D7D7;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba tbody{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table td{padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-search{width:200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination{text-align:left;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a, .elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover, .elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current, .elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-2707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2707\" class=\"elementor elementor-2707\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5485fbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5485fbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-738282e\" data-id=\"738282e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a77ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-advanced-data-table\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-advanced-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\"><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search-wrap ea-advanced-data-table-search-right\"><input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Buscar\" class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search\"><\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap-inner\">\n                <table class=\"ea-advanced-data-table ea-advanced-data-table-static ea-advanced-data-table-f7a77ba ea-advanced-data-table-sortable ea-advanced-data-table-paginated ea-advanced-data-table-searchable\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-items-per-page=\"10\"><thead><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>DESEMBARQUE TOTAL<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Los registros de desembarque anual desde el a\u00f1o 2000 hasta el 2015, inician con una pesqueria alta, para luego ir disminuyendo progresivamente, sin embargo en determinados a\u00f1os ha habido picos (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQi8QCDzCnIaiRgvT_vN6IAVn62kDt7uYCn8Nci36cgxyPAuj59jXbzaiAfH0rKMw6_ZclqZHQ9T562\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>DESEMBARQUES POR PUERTO\/PUNTO DE DESEMBARQUE<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Los principales puertos de desembarques son : Puerto rico, Santa Rosa, Parachique, Paita entre otros. (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vS_DoEfbP-6MoPr_MncFZqbnJzDfo72BBZix7nfwdJ3zm5Wche9kQl_spoK2e42bgpbvvy1dTuBCmHo\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>DESEMBARQUE POR DESTINO (PRODUCTO)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>&nbsp;Los destinos principales son: congelado y curado. (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTt4yalxRIwpc7xv1f8RM7lsQc3t6MNvjRHWufomHO_ZeZQgN4O1zVP8B-lBr4Ks1iodWT8XsieuYgC\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>ARTES, APAREJOS Y M\u00c9TODOS DE EXTRACCI\u00d3N<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p>En la regi\u00f3n Norte las mayores cifras de captura fueron extraidas con boliche en todas las estaciones del a\u00f1o, destacando en verano y oto\u00f1o, empleandose con menos frecuencia la cortina y el cordel. En la regi\u00f3n centro, el boliche, la cortina y el cordel fueron las m\u00e1s utilizadas, extrayendo las mayores captura durante la primavera. En la regi\u00f3n sur, la cortina fu la que obtuvo las mayores capturas durante verano, oto\u00f1o y primavera. (Ref 9).<\/p><p>Chinchorro mecanizado, chinchorro manual, red de cerco \u00abbolichito de fondo\u00bb activado por buzos, pesca con explosivos, cerco manual, cerco para consumo humano directo, cerco anchovetero para consumo humano directo, cortina costera (Ref 15)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>ESTACIONALIDAD (DESEMBARQUES MENSUALES)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>&nbsp;Existe una variacion en el desembarque en los meses de verano y oto\u00f1o con las estaciones de Invierno y primabera. (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQRQAh_i20eLTPuaEV-DkxmzxJpelJxeYG0Cy8jxSfFrMrsbJukxAMk_TseCk2g9DQG-zg5AFdfIhm2\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>FLOTA (CARACTERISTICAS)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Embarcaciones de mayor volumen se caracterizan por poseer popa plana en forma de U, tambi\u00e9n la pueden tener en punta y como un escudo plano. Con respecto al tama\u00f1o de eslora las dimensiones fluct\u00faan entre 10 \u2013 37 pies, y su capacidad de bodega entre 1 \u2013 10 toneladas. Embarcaciones de menor volumen como balsas que se caracterizan por que tanto la proa como la popa son en punta y sus dimensiones var\u00edan entre 10 \u2013 14 pies de eslora con una capacidad de carga de 0.5 toneladas. Tambien tenemos a las Chalanas que poseen una popa cuadrada y proa en punta, tienen de 10 \u2013 16 pies de eslora con capacidad de bodega entre 0.5 \u2013 1 tonelada. ( Ref 9).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>ESFUERZO (VIAJES)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><br><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>ZONAS DE PESCA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Distancia a la costa: 0,3-2 mn (Ref 16)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n            <\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-pagination ea-advanced-data-table-pagination-button clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"comercializacin-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"comercializacin-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#5F5F5F;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th{text-align:left;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th{color:#444444;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:before{border-bottom-color:#444444;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:after{border-top-color:#444444;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba thead{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table th{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td{text-align:left;color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#D7D7D7;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba tbody{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table td{padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-search{width:200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination{text-align:left;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a, .elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover, .elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current, .elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-2713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2713\" class=\"elementor elementor-2713\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5485fbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5485fbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-738282e\" data-id=\"738282e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a77ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-advanced-data-table\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-advanced-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\"><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search-wrap ea-advanced-data-table-search-right\"><input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Buscar\" class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search\"><\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap-inner\">\n                <table class=\"ea-advanced-data-table ea-advanced-data-table-static ea-advanced-data-table-f7a77ba ea-advanced-data-table-sortable ea-advanced-data-table-paginated ea-advanced-data-table-searchable\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-items-per-page=\"10\"><thead><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>PRECIOS DE MERCADOS MAYORISTAS<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>El precio promedio anual oscila entre S\/. 4.8 y S\/ 5.7 soles. (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vRlO0MmiEwJkIk2LMnRn0e_snooRX9iNZIZ-z5xa6QZaS1JUN35IK-qyOOw5C08qXGa6X_tqzsw7SmP\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>PRINCIPALES MERCADOS DE EXPORTACI\u00d3N E IMPORTACI\u00d3N<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>El principal mercado de exportacion es Italia (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTEkUEcm7h42vavUT2Pxy_CoGj55E-bavC8ouOJA0aaHYG4R7dRNpbeqvn6r9F6rjTXw6jbWg4uMyTN\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).Los principales paises para la importaci\u00f3n son Ecuador, Chile, Espa\u00f1a y otros (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vRVNcdYQxIoyI5H9vMDaIhVgMJmfwsm-In_YzU-cMgU0aAQBKDohypZcF6EN3FreEKMsnqLoTxOai9R\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>),<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>VOLUMEN Y VALOR DE EXPORTACIONES<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Seg\u00fan los reportes de exportacion, esta presenta una tendencia a disminuir (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vSgFQeo9NutzZWaOyqMKgTWGA7qJ3ZykpV7CmlIdC49aVWBxcITyO8S6FW5MPfkbSMWyXcE8Or28fnA\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>). Asimismo como los productos congelados y huevera son los que se reportan como producto final. (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQql8uUyA7szxfPWXEfpU1UCs5IuiJ3n05I8I7UB3SaGijUhED7sIYDx_ziO_r_ARZEhe5eDHoovAFL\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>VOLUMEN Y VALOR DE IMPORTACIONES<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>&nbsp;Los reportes de importacion indican una tendencia creciente en los ultimos a\u00f1os (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vR7d8Wnqp9fKewjH_UB1GN5I88jOW2cvLB0BKdFSUQcEZNA7uwBvPYKgyf4SBzeYXC_TqDlmdAEOwpQ\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>). El tipo de producto importado es el fresco (&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vSr4OY1DsJDPaFLlEgNqyPf3r1Lo4UHa9NbOQZjRlwnmC9VtObkJWVR3Da1RPq8LumcCIt_EKisTu_C\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n            <\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-pagination ea-advanced-data-table-pagination-button clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"manejo-y-estado-de-explotacin-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"manejo-y-estado-de-explotacin-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#5F5F5F;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th{text-align:left;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th{color:#444444;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:before{border-bottom-color:#444444;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:after{border-top-color:#444444;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba thead{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table th{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td{text-align:left;color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#D7D7D7;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba tbody{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table td{padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-search{width:200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination{text-align:left;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a, .elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover, .elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current, .elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-2719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2719\" class=\"elementor elementor-2719\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5485fbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5485fbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-738282e\" data-id=\"738282e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a77ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-advanced-data-table\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-advanced-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\"><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search-wrap ea-advanced-data-table-search-right\"><input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Buscar\" class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search\"><\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap-inner\">\n                <table class=\"ea-advanced-data-table ea-advanced-data-table-static ea-advanced-data-table-f7a77ba ea-advanced-data-table-sortable ea-advanced-data-table-paginated ea-advanced-data-table-searchable\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-items-per-page=\"10\"><thead><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>BIOMASA ESTIMADA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><br><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>NORMATIVIDAD<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><br><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>TALLA M\u00cdNIMA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>35 cm (Ref 9).<\/span><\/p><p>37 cm Long Total (&nbsp;RM N\u00ba 209-2001-PE) (Ref 14)<\/p><p>32 cm (Ref 20)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>TAMA\u00d1O DE MALLA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Red de cerco mayor (Boliche): 1 1\/2 \u2013 2\u2033; red de cerco menor (Bolichito): 1 1\/2\u2033; red de cortina Lisera que se subdivide en red de cortina de superficie y media agua: 1 1\/2 \u2013 2 1\/2\u2033 y red de cortina de fondo fijo: 1 1\/2 \u2013 2 1\/2\u2033; red de arrastre de playa o chinchorro de playa : 4\u2033. (Ref 9).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>CUOTAS DE CAPTURA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><br><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>TEMPORADA DE PESCA Y VEDAS<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><br><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n            <\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-pagination ea-advanced-data-table-pagination-button clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"referencias-bibliogrfica-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"referencias-bibliogrfica-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-2725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a230a51:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-2725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a230a51 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a230a51{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;}.elementor-2725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a230a51 > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-2725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-07d89e7{color:#000000;}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2725\" class=\"elementor elementor-2725\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a230a51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a230a51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9abc3c0\" data-id=\"9abc3c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07d89e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07d89e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Arrieta, S.; C. Goicochea; P. Moquillaza y J.Mostacero.2010. Edad y crecimiento de la lisa\u00a0<em>Mugil cephalus Linnaeus<\/em>, en el mar del Callao (12\u00baS), Per\u00fa.1996. Instituto del mar del Per\u00fa. Informe 37(3-4).<\/li><li>Bester, C. 2004. \u00abIctiolog\u00eda en el Museo de Historia Natural de la Florida\u00bb (en l\u00ednea). Consultado el 24 de diciembre de 2017. Disponible en: &lt;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu\/fish\/discover\/species-profiles\/mugil-cephalus\/\">https:\/\/www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu\/fish\/discover\/species-profiles\/mugil-cephalus\/<\/a>. &gt;<\/li><li>Canales, C.1983. Determinaci\u00f3n de la edad y crecimiento de la \u201cliza\u201d\u00a0<em>Mugil cephalus<\/em>\u00a0Linaneus, capturados en el \u00e1rea del Callao entre 1979-1980. Tesis para optar el t\u00edtulo de Bi\u00f3logo Pesquero. Universidad Nacional San Crist\u00f3bal de Huamanga. Ayacucho, Per\u00fa.81pp<\/li><li>Chirichigno, N. 1974. Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Per\u00fa. Informe N\u00b0 44. Instituto del mar del Per\u00fa. Callao-Per\u00fa. p.387.<\/li><li>Collins, MR. (1985) Striped mullet. Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (South Florida). Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior, Coastal Ecology Group, Waterways Experiment Station, US Army Corps of Engineers, Biological Report 82 (11.34: 1-11).<\/li><li>Espino, M; Veliz, M; Valdivia, E. 1989. Algunos Aspectos sobre la biolog\u00eda y Pesquer\u00eda de los Recursos que Sustentan la Actividad Artesanal en el Per\u00fa. Rev. Com. Pac\u00edfico Sur 18: 49-68.<\/li><li>FAO (Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentaci\u00f3n). Departamento de Pesca y Acuicultura.Cultured aquatic species fact sheets Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758). Disponible en:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/figis\/pdf\/fishery\/culturedspecies\/Mugil_cephalus\/es?title=FAO%20Fisheries%20%26%20Aquaculture%20-%20Cultured%20aquatic%20species%20fact%20sheets%20-%20Mugil%20cephalus%20%28Linnaeus%2C%201758%29\">http:\/\/www.fao.org\/figis\/pdf\/fishery\/culturedspecies\/Mugil_cephalus\/es?title=FAO%20Fisheries%20%26%20Aquaculture%20-%20Cultured%20aquatic%20species%20fact%20sheets%20-%20Mugil%20cephalus%20%28Linnaeus%2C%201758%29<\/a>.<\/li><li>Fischer, W. 1963. Die fische des Brackwassergebietes Lenga bei Concepci\u00f3n (Chile). Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 48(3): 419-511. 2005. \u00abDepartamento de Parques y Vida Silvestre de Texas\u00bb (en l\u00ednea). Consultado el 24 diciembre del 2017 . Disponible en: &lt;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tpwd.texas.gov\/huntwild\/wild\/species\/mullet\/\">https:\/\/tpwd.texas.gov\/huntwild\/wild\/species\/mullet\/<\/a>. &gt;<\/li><li>G\u00f3mez, E; Paredes, F; Chipollini, A. 1995. Aspectos Biol\u00f3gico-pesqueros de la Lisa\u00a0<em>Mugil cephalus<\/em>\u00a0L. en el Litoral Peruano. Instituto del Mar del Per\u00fa. Callao-Pe\u00fa. INFORME N\u00b0 108.p.24.<\/li><li>Iba\u00f1ez, L.y M.Gallardo, 1996. Determinaci\u00f3n de la edad de Lisa\u00a0<em>Mugil cephalus<\/em>\u00a0L. y La\u00a0<em>Lebrancha Mugil curema<\/em>\u00a0V. (Pises: Mugilidae) en la Laguna de Tamiahua, Veracruz. Ciencias Marinas 22(3):329-245.Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California. M\u00e9xico.<\/li><li>MANN G (1954) La vida de los peces en aguas chilenas. Instituto de Investigaciones Veterinarias y Universidad de Chile, 343 pp., Santiago.<\/li><li>OLIVER S C (1943) Cat\u00e1logo de los Peces Marinos del Litoral de Concepci\u00f3n y Arauco. Bolet\u00edn Sociedad de Biolog\u00eda de Concepci\u00f3n 17: 75-126, 24 figs.<\/li><li>Solano, Y. 2014. Edad y crecimiento de\u00a0<em>Mugil cephalus<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb Lisa\u00bb de la Regi\u00f3n La Libertad, 2012. Tesis para optar el t\u00edtulo profesional de Bi\u00f3logo Pesquero. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. pg(44).<\/li><li>RESOLUCION MINISTERIAL N\u00ba 209-2001-PE. Aprueban relaci\u00f3n de tallas m\u00ednimas de captura y tolerancia m\u00e1xima de ejemplares juveniles de principales peces marinos e invertebrados.<\/li><li>Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental (2020). Artes y<br \/>m\u00e9todos de pesca del Per\u00fa. Serie ilustrativa. Lima: SPDA.<\/li><li>Guevara-Carrasco R., Bertrand A. (Eds.). 2017. Atlas de la pesca artesanal del mar del Per\u00fa. Edici\u00f3n IMARPE-IRD, Lima, Per\u00fa, 183 pp.<\/li><li>Fisher, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E., &amp; Niem, V. H. (1995). Gu\u00eda FAO para la identificaci\u00f3n de especies para los fines de la pesca: Pac\u00edfico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III. Roma, Italia.<\/li><li>Krispyn, K. N., Loneragan, N. R., Whitfield, A. K., &amp; Tweedley, J. R. (2021). Salted mullet: Protracted occurrence of Mugil cephalus under extreme hypersaline conditions. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 261, 107533.<\/li><li>Stewart, J., Hegarty, A. M., Young, C., &amp; Fowler, A. M. (2017). Sex-specific differences in growth, mortality and migration support population resilience in the heavily exploited migratory marine teleost Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Marine and Freshwater Research, 69(3), 385-394.<\/li><li>RESOLUCI\u00d3N MINISTERIAL N\u00b0 361-2019-PRODUCE<\/li><li>IMARPE. (2019, agosto). INFORME Estimaci\u00f3n de la Talla M\u00ednima de Captura del recurso lisa Mugil cephalus. https:\/\/cdn.www.gob.pe\/uploads\/document\/file\/1212790\/Informe-correspondiente-Oficio-635-2019-IMARPE-DEC20200807-1746888-1abwofb.pdf<\/li><li>Bekova, R. I., &amp; Raikova-Petrova, G. (2017). Maturity, sex ratio and spawning time of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Journal of bioscience and biotechnology, 6(1), 17-21.<\/li><li>Bae, S. E., &amp; Kim, J. K. (2020). Otolith microchemistry reveals the migration patterns of the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Pisces: Mugilidae) in Korean waters. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 44(1), 1-11.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73323bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"73323bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hoja-Tecnica-1-.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Descarga la Ficha T\u00e9cnica<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Se distribuye desde California Central (EE.UU), hasta Valdvia (Chile) e islas Gal\u00e1pagos, en la costa peruana se halla ampliamente distribuida, asociada a la desembocadura de los r\u00edos presentando las mayores concentraciones en el \u00e1rea norte del Per\u00fa. Habita frecuentemente en ambientes estuarinos y de agua dulce. Posee h\u00e1bitos alimenticios diurnos, consumiendo principalmente zooplancton, materia vegetal y detritos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2696,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nombre-cientifico"],"amp_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2694"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2732,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2694\/revisions\/2732"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}