{"id":1698,"date":"2022-01-18T18:17:31","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T23:17:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/?p=1698"},"modified":"2022-01-18T18:37:36","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T23:37:36","slug":"caballa-scomber-japonicus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/caballa-scomber-japonicus\/","title":{"rendered":"Caballa <i>(Scomber japonicus)<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1698\" class=\"elementor elementor-1698\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-307fb4e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"307fb4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a2be5b\" data-id=\"8a2be5b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6787eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6787eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caballa <i>(Scomber japonicus)<\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8964291 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8964291\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9adffea\" data-id=\"9adffea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0d68b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_per_view&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:8,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;show_arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"media-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-main-swiper swiper-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Caballa.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"cef0c75\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Tomado de: http:\/\/biogeodb.stri.si.edu\/sftep\/resources\/img\/images\/species\/2209_6297.jpg\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTcwMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3R1bWkubGFtb2xpbmEuZWR1LnBlXC9pbmZvcGVzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIyXC8wMVwvQ2FiYWxsYS5qcGVnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiY2VmMGM3NSJ9\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Caballa.jpeg)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Caballa-1.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"cef0c75\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Tomado de: http:\/\/www.discoverlife.org\/mp\/20p?see=I_RR2479&amp;res=640&amp;l=spanish\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTcwMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3R1bWkubGFtb2xpbmEuZWR1LnBlXC9pbmZvcGVzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIyXC8wMVwvQ2FiYWxsYS0xLmpwZWciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjZWYwYzc1In0%3D\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Caballa-1.jpeg)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/caballa-2.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"cef0c75\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Tomado de: https:\/\/www.mexican-fish.com\/pacific-chub-mackerel\/\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTcwMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3R1bWkubGFtb2xpbmEuZWR1LnBlXC9pbmZvcGVzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIyXC8wMVwvY2FiYWxsYS0yLmpwZWciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJjZWYwYzc1In0%3D\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/caballa-2.jpeg)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Previous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Next<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-32fd509\" data-id=\"32fd509\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de60e44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de60e44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Especie pel\u00e1gica ner\u00edtica, de la familia Scombridae, habita preferentemente en aguas oce\u00e1nicas, con temperaturas que fluct\u00faan de 15 a 23\u00b0 C y un rango de salinidad de 34,8 a 35,25 ups. Su distribuci\u00f3n abarca desde Manta e Islas Gal\u00e1pagos (Ecuador) hasta el sur de Bah\u00eda Darwin (Chile) y hasta las 200 mn fuera de la costa. Dentro de la columna de agua en a\u00f1os normales realiza desplazamientos hasta los 100 m de profundidad; durante eventos Ni\u00f1o se ha encontrado hasta los 240 m, sin embargo, las mayores concentraciones se localizan sobre los 60 m.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7dd041b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7dd041b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c53ec68\" data-id=\"c53ec68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f1191e elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"8f1191e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-8f1191e\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active \" data-tabid=\"8f1191e\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"biologa-y-ecologa\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"biologa-y-ecologa-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Biolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"pesquera\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"pesquera-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Pesquer\u00eda<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"comercializacin\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"comercializacin-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Comercializaci\u00f3n<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"manejo-y-estado-de-explotacin\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"manejo-y-estado-de-explotacin-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Manejo y estado de explotaci\u00f3n<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"referencias-bibliogrfica\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"referencias-bibliogrfica-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Referencias bibliogr\u00e1fica<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"biologa-y-ecologa-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"biologa-y-ecologa-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#5F5F5F;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b th{text-align:left;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b th .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th{color:#444444;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:before{border-bottom-color:#444444;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:after{border-top-color:#444444;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b thead{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table th{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b td{text-align:left;color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#D7D7D7;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b td .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b tbody{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table td{padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-search{width:200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination{text-align:left;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a, .elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover, .elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current, .elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-1707 .elementor-element.elementor-element-8b9be9b .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"1707\" class=\"elementor elementor-1707\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ae80bcd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ae80bcd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9b93c4\" data-id=\"f9b93c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06415ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06415ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hoja-Tecnica-1-1-1.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b9be9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-advanced-data-table\" data-id=\"8b9be9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-advanced-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap\" data-id=\"8b9be9b\"><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search-wrap ea-advanced-data-table-search-right\"><input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Buscar\" class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search\"><\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap-inner\">\n                <table class=\"ea-advanced-data-table ea-advanced-data-table-static ea-advanced-data-table-8b9be9b ea-advanced-data-table-sortable ea-advanced-data-table-paginated ea-advanced-data-table-searchable\" data-id=\"8b9be9b\" data-items-per-page=\"10\"><thead><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><p><strong> DISTRIBUCI\u00d3N <\/strong> <\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>Latitudinal :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p>Es una especie cosmopolita distribuido en las aguas calidas y templadas de los oc\u00e9anos Atl\u00e1ntico, Indico y Pac\u00edfico (Ref 5).<\/p><p><br><\/p><p>Se distribuye desde Manta e Islas Gal\u00e1pagos (Ecuador) hasta el sur de bah\u00eda Darwin (Chile) 45\u00baS. En el Per\u00fa esta especie se distribuye a lo largo de todo el litoral y hasta m\u00e1s de las 100 millas n\u00e1uticas de la costa (Ref 8).<\/p><p><br><\/p><p>En el Pac\u00edfico noreste se distribuye desde el sudeste de Alaska hasta la bah\u00eda de Banderas (M\u00e9xico) y en el golfo de California hasta Puerto Pe\u00f1asco; en Pac\u00edfico sueste se extiende desde Panam\u00e1 hasta la bah\u00eda de Darwin (Chile), incluyendo las islas de Gal\u00e1pagos (Ref 23)<\/p><p>Desde Costa Rica hasta Valparaiso \u2013 Chile (Ref 20).<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Longitudinal :<\/strong><\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Batimetrica :&nbsp;<\/strong>A\u00f1os normales: 0 \u2013 100, con mayores, las mayores concentraciones se encuentran a los 60 m (Ref 8).<\/p><p>Se encuentra desde la superficie hasta 300 m de profundidad (Ref 19)<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Migraciones:&nbsp;<\/strong>Realiza migraciones estacionales, principalmente para frezar, invernar y alimentarse.&nbsp;Los espec\u00edmenes del hemisferio sur migran al extremo austral del continente en verano; mientras que en \u00e9poca de desove lo hacen hacia el norte (Ref 5).<\/p><p>Efectuan migraciones estacionales bastante extensas, desplanzandose en direccion norte durante el verano y hacia el sur en invierno (para el desove) (Ref 19).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>IMPACTO DEL NI\u00d1O<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Se profundizan cerca de los 200 m, se han encontrado hasta 240 m y Se acerca a la costa durante el verano o en a\u00f1os c\u00e1lidos (El Ni\u00f1o) y se aleja en los meses de invierno o en a\u00f1os fr\u00edos (La Ni\u00f1a) (Ref 11).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>H\u00c1BITAT<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Es una especie cosmopolita que habita aguas de transici\u00f3n c\u00e1lidas y templadas de los Oc\u00e9anos Atl\u00e1ntico, Indico y Pac\u00edfico y mares adyacentes (Ref&nbsp;5).<\/span>Predominantemente pel\u00e1gica costera, ocacionalmente epipel\u00e1gica o mesopel\u00e1gica sobre el talud continental (Ref 19).<\/p><p>Es pel\u00e1gica ner\u00edtica (Ref 20)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>REPRODUCCI\u00d3N<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>Estrategia reproductiva :&nbsp;<\/strong>Especie heterosexual sin dimorfismo sexual visible, siendo la fertilizaci\u00f3n de tipo externo (Ref 8).<\/p><p>Tiene desoves sucesivos (Ref 23)<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Tipo de fecundaci\u00f3n:&nbsp;<\/strong>Fecundaci\u00f3n externa (Ref 8).<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Fecundidad:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>Se encontr\u00f3 10 000 ovocitos en 110 m2 (Ref 35)<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Talla media de madurez:&nbsp;<\/strong>26 cm LH (Ref 8).Talla de primera madurez 42 cm de longitud estandar (Sud\u00e1frica) (Ref 21); 18 cm longitud total (Turkia) (Ref 22); 30 cm LH (Espa\u00f1a) (Ref 24); 31 cm (Portufgal) (Ref 25); 21.8 \u2013 22.3 cm (M\u00e9xico) (Ref 26); 29.3 cm LS (Ref 27);<\/p><p>En Per\u00fa: 27 cm (Ref 28); 31 cm (Ref 29); 18 \u2013 19 cm (Ref 30); 22 cm (Ref 31); 31.5 \u2013 34.5 cm (Ref 32; Ref 33); 24.8 cm LH (Ref 34).<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Talla media de desove:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>29 cm LH&nbsp;(Ref 8).<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Tipo y \u00e9poca de desove:&nbsp;<\/strong>Presenta desove parcial, con mayor intensidad de enero a marzo y su principal \u00e1rea de desove se encuentra al norte de los 07\u00ba10\u00b4S (Ref 8).La temporada de desoves var\u00eda entre regiones: en el hemisferio norte es m\u00e1s usual en la primera mitad del a\u00f1o, en el hemisferio sur en la segunda mitad del a\u00f1o y en areas cercas al ecuador el desove se realiza todo el a\u00f1o (Ref 23).<\/p><p>En aguas sudafricanas, el periodo de desove fue entre junio y septiembre (Ref 21)<\/p><p>En Turkia, el periodo de desove fue entre abril y agosto con un pico en junio (Ref 22)<\/p><p>En Per\u00fa, la mayor actividad reproductiva se da entre noviembre y marzo (Ref 34)<\/p><p><br><\/p><p><strong>Proporci\u00f3n sexual:&nbsp;<\/strong>1H:1M (Ref 12).<\/p><p>1H:0.84M (Ref 22)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>PAR\u00c1METROS&nbsp;DE CRECIMIENTO Y TASA DE MORTALIDAD<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>&nbsp;(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQmUHGYAATS9D2BwAyihc4nouXysmjIqd8rfb8fRVcQfqsPFm1HhgCAam7bwb4h_fAChImy56riIo5Y\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>DIETA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Fitoplancton: diatomeas<\/span><\/p><p>Zooplancton: cop\u00e9podos, euf\u00e1sidos, huevos y larvas de peces.<\/p><p>Peces: Engrauils ringens y especies de la familia Myctophidae<\/p><p>Moluscos: peque\u00f1os calamares (Ref. 8)<\/p><p>Es un depredador oportunista, no selectivo y la dieta de los adultos incluye todo tipo de crust\u00e1ceos, peces y cefal\u00f3podos (Ref 19).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>RANGO DE TOLERANCIA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Temperatura: 14 y 23 \u00b0C.<\/span>Salinidad: 34,8 y 35,25 UPS.<\/p><p>Oxigeno: 2 \u2013 6ml\/l<\/p><p>(Ref. 8)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n            <\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-pagination ea-advanced-data-table-pagination-button clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"pesquera-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"pesquera-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#5F5F5F;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th{text-align:left;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th{color:#444444;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:before{border-bottom-color:#444444;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:after{border-top-color:#444444;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba thead{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table th{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td{text-align:left;color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#D7D7D7;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba tbody{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table td{padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-search{width:200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination{text-align:left;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a, .elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover, .elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current, .elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-1713 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"1713\" class=\"elementor elementor-1713\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5485fbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5485fbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-738282e\" data-id=\"738282e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a77ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-advanced-data-table\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-advanced-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\"><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search-wrap ea-advanced-data-table-search-right\"><input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Buscar\" class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search\"><\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap-inner\">\n                <table class=\"ea-advanced-data-table ea-advanced-data-table-static ea-advanced-data-table-f7a77ba ea-advanced-data-table-sortable ea-advanced-data-table-paginated ea-advanced-data-table-searchable\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-items-per-page=\"10\"><thead><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>DESEMBARQUE TOTAL<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>El desembarque de caballa en el perido (2000-2016), presento un pico en el a\u00f1o 2011, a\u00f1o donde mas del 70% de esta captura fue destinada para CHI, posteriormente a este a\u00f1o, los desembarques presentaron algunos picos importantes en los a\u00f1os 2003, 2006, 2009 y 2016 (Ref. 15) (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vRZ2L1uXPO8g_q0VIzgQo69YP5fADzTjsP8_AwcHPkXarE6_fKJaDdCi8UdUMK4LPN3EYgpaIgFLZ0X\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>DESEMBARQUES POR PUERTO\/PUNTO DE DESEMBARQUE<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Los principales puntos de desembarque de caballa destinada para CHD, han sido en Coischco, Callao y Chimbote (Ref. 15) (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQ_vtR7buWYkVDrLxC3hYYcHRVjUYbh0egSdM2-Ds70QhaWh41rpblFtJdcVkXjCQfXa3m9VmTJ-ccG\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>DESEMBARQUE POR DESTINO (PRODUCTO)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Del 2000 al 2002 los desembarques eran destinados principalmete a harina y aceite de pescado, de ah\u00ed en adelante predomina el desembarque destinado para conserva, seguido de fresco, congelado y curado (Ref. 15) (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vR4TsX1IyIlK2s4KVT5JBzrJpsXhi6U23dEyqGRLWKwDdLtPVBLhaflCcl_3UWh8Y1j-RPjtxswp7Do\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>ARTES, APAREJOS Y M\u00c9TODOS DE EXTRACCI\u00d3N<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><ul><li>cerco<\/li><li>pinta<\/li><li>cortina<\/li><\/ul><p>(Ref. 8)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>ESTACIONALIDAD (DESEMBARQUES MENSUALES)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Los meses con mayores desembarques se registran el primera etapa del a\u00f1o (ene-mar) (Ref. 15) (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTfUdToVV6BNqD0yTh2U1hKSVanmph048zLzsKmEKwGoXbuBgsXf3G7QYdZKst9NBtmvTriUTKqZBsF\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>FLOTA (CARACTERISTICAS)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>En el Per\u00fa, las embarcaciones cerqueras que capturan caballa tienen una capacidad de bodega que var\u00eda de 3 a 32 m3 (Ref 36)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>ESFUERZO (VIAJES)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><br><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>ZONAS DE PESCA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Desde Enero hasta agosto 1986 : Las capturas se efectuaron principalmente al norte de los 07\u00b0S entre 20 y 95 millas de la costa. En rangos de profunidad de 0-50 m (noche) y 101-250 m (dia); ante la presencia de una marcada corriente de Cromwell.<\/span><\/p><p>Desde Setiembre hasta Diciembre de 1986, se presentaron capturas principalmente al sur de los 07\u00b0S entre los 25 y 88 millas de la costa, en un rango de profundiad de 0 a 50 m. Ante la presencia de una d\u00e9bil o nula corriente Cromwell.<\/p><p>Desde Enero a Marzo 1987, se capturaron ambas especies principalmente al sur de los 07\u00b0S entre 20 y 83 millas de la costa, mayormente en el rango de profundidad 51-200 m, ante la ocurrencia del fenomento \u00bb EL NI\u00d1O\u00bb y una marcada presencie de la corriente Cromwell. ( Ref 18).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n            <\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-pagination ea-advanced-data-table-pagination-button clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"comercializacin-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"comercializacin-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#5F5F5F;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th{text-align:left;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th{color:#444444;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:before{border-bottom-color:#444444;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:after{border-top-color:#444444;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba thead{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table th{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td{text-align:left;color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#D7D7D7;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba tbody{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table td{padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-search{width:200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination{text-align:left;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a, .elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover, .elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current, .elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-1719 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"1719\" class=\"elementor elementor-1719\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5485fbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5485fbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-738282e\" data-id=\"738282e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a77ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-advanced-data-table\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-advanced-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\"><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search-wrap ea-advanced-data-table-search-right\"><input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Buscar\" class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search\"><\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap-inner\">\n                <table class=\"ea-advanced-data-table ea-advanced-data-table-static ea-advanced-data-table-f7a77ba ea-advanced-data-table-sortable ea-advanced-data-table-paginated ea-advanced-data-table-searchable\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-items-per-page=\"10\"><thead><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>PRECIOS DE MERCADOS MAYORISTAS<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Los precios de la caballa se han mantenido entre los 3 a 5 soles en los ultimos cinco a\u00f1os, manteniendo un promedio de 3.9 soles por kilogramos (Ref. 16) (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vSDOYE0Gaj6eu2Q40Yo60B8wazjw0Pv5PldtYOajXxbpnA_Vh8seuzs_BOaZjMkCs-PSzryLJkb4NLe\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>PRINCIPALES MERCADOS DE EXPORTACI\u00d3N E IMPORTACI\u00d3N<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Los principales mercados de exportacion son Espa\u00f1a, Ghana y Brasil (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQ4QWa0xhUe5IEfrFzTb-EBBKTuEhVlCoC2AMSSly3-j7SlCEtnT5QIuOLAr_QG74AbIj8ufsmAMVRB\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>) y los principales mercados de importacion son Ecuador, China y Chile (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQ9WCFG6rJ11caTxNUWlOyz2RTy_ujEbbuFOJxHSBwbW8j-9R-dWbCe9Ui0ZxUz1PsEV2_WyjINlM3r\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>)<\/span><\/p><p>(Ref. 17)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>VOLUMEN Y VALOR DE EXPORTACIONES<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>&nbsp;Los mayores volumenes se han reportado en el periodo del 2006-2009 y 2016, siendo este ultimo, el maximo reportado hasta la fecha (569 mil toneladas), en cuanto al valor economico los mayores picos se dieron en el a\u00f1o 2008 y 2016 (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vR9G3A-smhCcY81YWigrPaL8V1dXeeXPSD4oC-a__FxP1NAlstqtZ9QlA6apirRTnAwp-nDBC0tYWE4\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>). siendo los principales productos congelado y conserva (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTTniDb50-8ZXU10-VCAklTAlafrY8znt1mWhPNstIPpufsoYee5BU6mZuwDWVcjIJp9xPmIuo2TSBF\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><p>(Ref. 17).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>VOLUMEN Y VALOR DE IMPORTACIONES<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>&nbsp;Tanto el volumen como el valor economico ha ido creciendo hasta el a\u00f1o 2014 y el 2015 respectivamente, alcazando los maximos valores en aquellos a\u00f1os. Despues de estos a\u00f1os estos valores han ido decreciendo (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTPJby6BRO96HoJ3QT0QoA8xB9pa59ggiSXgYt1xTpCLWHsPu3iwrmOFKfYOH-eWoOGcVEwMKCATp6A\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>). Siendo los principales productos fresco, congelado y conserva (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTo_0qA895WPfPysvErLavk2b5gZfA5ur_oDoC5FdfNm3dRqgkLWXSkr73SEx2hwcG9UE35WesM8x0v\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/p><p>(Ref. 17)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n            <\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-pagination ea-advanced-data-table-pagination-button clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"manejo-y-estado-de-explotacin-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"manejo-y-estado-de-explotacin-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#5F5F5F;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th{text-align:left;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba th .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th{color:#444444;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:before{border-bottom-color:#444444;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-wrap .ea-advanced-data-table th:after{border-top-color:#444444;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba thead{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table th{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td{text-align:left;color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#D7D7D7;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba td .ql-editor{text-align:left;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba tbody{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table td{padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-search{width:200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination{text-align:left;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{padding:5px 15px 5px 15px;margin:5px 5px 0px 0px;color:#666666;background-color:#ffffff;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a, .elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{color:#666666;background-color:#fafafa;}.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a:hover, .elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination a.ea-adtp-current, .elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table-pagination select:hover{border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#eeeeee;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-1725 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f7a77ba .ea-advanced-data-table{width:100%;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"1725\" class=\"elementor elementor-1725\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5485fbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5485fbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-738282e\" data-id=\"738282e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a77ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-advanced-data-table\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-advanced-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\"><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search-wrap ea-advanced-data-table-search-right\"><input type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Buscar\" class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-search\"><\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-wrap-inner\">\n                <table class=\"ea-advanced-data-table ea-advanced-data-table-static ea-advanced-data-table-f7a77ba ea-advanced-data-table-sortable ea-advanced-data-table-paginated ea-advanced-data-table-searchable\" data-id=\"f7a77ba\" data-items-per-page=\"10\"><thead><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>BIOMASA ESTIMADA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>La biomasa alcanzo su maximo valor en los ultimos quince a\u00f1o en el 2016 con alrededor de 950 mil toneladas (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQ1d1jO0297dg9ue_iZrd3B-Qlf6zVU65GFHXBF4nSJqS6grrelrv54KSU44W7XWOTNsl2BVA0a0cLv\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>NORMATIVIDAD<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>ROP de jurel y caballa D.S N\u00ba011-2007-PRODUCE<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>TALLA M\u00cdNIMA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>&nbsp;29 cm (LH) \u2013 30% de tolerancia (Ref 7).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>TAMA\u00d1O DE MALLA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Red de cerco: 38mm<\/span><\/p><p>Red de arrastre media agua 76 mm (Ref 7).<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>CUOTAS DE CAPTURA<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><span>Desde el 2010 en adelante todos los desembarques han superado los maximos niveles de captura establecidos por el Ministerio de Produccion (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQTP2ZbUMaKv7tyckETt5i0H7NJZK-BL0hUYGKXQSpinhXcU5UXRSzGhWrpVdg_T8aeyPtrEZF0jxTT\/pubhtml\" target=\"_blank\">Ver datos<\/a><span>) (Ref 14).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>TEMPORADA DE PESCA Y VEDAS<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><br><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n            <\/div><div class=\"ea-advanced-data-table-pagination ea-advanced-data-table-pagination-button clearfix\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"referencias-bibliogrfica-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"referencias-bibliogrfica-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <style>.elementor-1731 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a230a51:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-1731 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a230a51 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-1731 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a230a51{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;}.elementor-1731 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a230a51 > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-1731 .elementor-element.elementor-element-07d89e7{color:#000000;}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"1731\" class=\"elementor elementor-1731\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a230a51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a230a51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9abc3c0\" data-id=\"9abc3c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07d89e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07d89e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AGUAYO, M.; STEFFENS, H. Edad y crecimiento de Scomber japonicus peruanus del norte de Chile. Investigacion pesq., Santiago, v. 33, p. 61-73, 1986.<\/p><p>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Caramantin-Soriano, H., Vega-P\u00e9rez, L. A., &amp; \u00d1iquen, M. (2008). Growth parameters and mortality rate of the Scomber japonicus peruanus (Jord\u00e1n &amp; Hubb, 1925) along the Peruvian coast, South Pacific.\u00a0Brazilian Journal of Oceanography,\u00a056(3), 201-210.<\/p><p>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Castro, J. J. (1991). Ecolog\u00eda tr\u00f3fica de la caballa (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1780), en aguas del archipi\u00e9lago canario.<\/p><p>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CITES, PNUMA-WCMC. (2017). Lista de verificaci\u00f3n del sitio web de especies CITES.\u00a0Los Ap\u00e9ndices I, II y III son v\u00e1lidos a partir del 04 de abril de 2017. Secretar\u00eda CITES, Ginebra, Suiza.\u00a0Compilado por UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, Reino Unido.https:\/\/www.cites.org\/eng\/app\/appendices.php [Accesado 01\/08\/2017].<\/p><p>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Collette, B.B. &amp; Nauen, C. (1983). FA0 Species catalogue. 2. Scombnds of the i E world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos 6 and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. No. 125. 137 pp.<\/p><p>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CUCAL\u00d3N-ZENCK, E. Growth and length-weight parameters of Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Golf of Guayaquil. NAGA-ICLARM, v. 22, n.3, p. 32-36, 1999.<\/p><p>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D.S N\u00ba011-2007-PRODUCE.<\/p><p>8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dioses T. (1995). An\u00e1lisis de la distribuci\u00f3n y abundancia de los recursos jurel y caballa frente a la costa peruana. Inst. Mar Per\u00fa. Inf. Progresivo 3. pp. 55.<\/p><p>9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DAWSON, W. The interpretation of otolith structure for the assessment of age and growth of some pelagic fishes from the coast of Ecuador. Boln cient. tecn., Guayaquil, v. 9, n. 1, 1986. 24 p<\/p><p>10.\u00a0\u00a0 Estrella Arellano, C., Guevara Carrasco, R., Avila P\u00e9rez, W., Palacios Le\u00f3n, J., &amp; Medina Cruz, A. (2001). Informe estad\u00edstico de los recursos hidrobiol\u00f3gicos de la pesca artesanal por especies, artes, meses y caletas durante el segundo semestre de 2000.<\/p><p>11.\u00a0\u00a0 Instituto del mar del Per\u00fa (2007). Recursos y pesquer\u00edas pel\u00e1gicos http:\/\/www.imarpe.gob.pe\/imarpe\/index.php?id_detalle=0000000000000000783 4<\/p><p>12.\u00a0\u00a0 Mendo Aguilar, J. (1984). Edad, crecimiento y algunos aspectos reproductivos y alimentarios de la caballa (Scomber japonicus peruanus).<\/p><p>13.\u00a0\u00a0 MENZ, A.; PIZARRO, S. The fishery, biology and bionomic of the Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in Equator. INPE: Instituto Nacional de Pesca de Ecuador, Boln cient. tecn., Guaiaquil, v. 9, n. 10, p. 16-48., 1988.<\/p><p>14.\u00a0\u00a0 R.M. N\u00b0 035-2017-PRODUCE.<\/p><p>15. PRODUCE (Ministerio de la Producci\u00f3n). 2018. Solicitud acceso a la informaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica: Hist\u00f3rico anual del desembarque de todos los recursos hidrobiol\u00f3gicos por puerto o punto de desembarque del Per\u00fa. (Oficio N\u00b0 0119-2018\/PRODUCE-FUN.RES.ACC.INF).<\/p><p>16. PRODUCE (Ministerio de la Producci\u00f3n). 2017. Solicitud acceso a la informaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica (Oficio N\u00b0\u00a002999-2017-PRODUCE\/FUN.RES.ACC.INF). Precio promedio anual de los principales recursos hidrobiol\u00f3gicos comercializados en los mercadosmayoristaspesqueros de Ventanilla y Villa\u00a0Mar\u00eda del Triunfo, 2013 al 2017.<\/p><p>17. SUNAT (Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administraci\u00f3n Tributaria). 2018. Base de datos exportaci\u00f3n e importaci\u00f3n (En L\u00ednea). Disponible en: &lt; http:\/\/www.adexdatatrade.com\/ &gt;.Revisado el 03\/01\/2018.<\/p><p>18.\u00a0Chirinos, J. 1992. La pesca de jurel (<em>Trachurus murphyi<\/em>) y la caballa (<em>Scomber japonicus peruanus<\/em>) por la flota arrastrera cubana en el per\u00edodo enero 1986 \u2013 marzo 1987. Tesis para obtar el titulo de ingeniero pesquero. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina.<\/p><p>19. Fisher, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E., &amp; Niem, V. H. (1995). Gu\u00eda FAO para la identificaci\u00f3n de especies para los fines de la pesca: Pac\u00edfico Centro-Oriental. Vol. III. Roma, Italia.<\/p><p>20. Chirichigno, F., &amp; Cornejo, U. (2001). Cat\u00e1logo comentado de los peces<\/p><p>21. Baird, D. (1977). Age, growth and aspects of reproduction of the mackerel Scomber japonicus in South African waters (Pisces: Scombridae). African Zoology, 12(2), 347-362.<\/p><p>22. Cengiz, \u00d6. (2012). Age, growth, mortality and reproduction of the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) from Saros Bay (northern Aegean Sea, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(4).<\/p><p>23. Hern\u00e1ndez, J. J. C., &amp; Ortega, A. T. S. (2000). Synopsis of biological data on the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) (No. 157). Food &amp; Agriculture Organization<\/p><p>24. Rodr\u00edguez-Roda, J. 1982. Biolog\u00eda de la caballa (o estornino), Scomber (Pneumatophorus) japonicus Houttuyn (1782) del Golfo de C\u00e1diz. Invest. Pesq., 46(1 ):143-i 59.<\/p><p>25. Martins, MM., I.M. Jorge &amp; L. Serrano-Gordo. 1983. On the maturity, morphological characteristics and growth of Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1780 of west continental coast of Portugal. ICES CM, 1983\/H:39. 30 pp.<\/p><p>26. Arcos-Huistron, N.E. &amp; J.R. Torres-Villegas. 1990. Ciclo reproductor de la rnacarela del Pac\u00edfico Scomber japonicus Houttuyn (Pisces: Scombridae) en Bah\u00eda Magdalena, Baja California Sur, M\u00e9xico. Invest.<br \/>Mar. CICIMAR, 5(1):37-45.<\/p><p>27. Gluyas-Mill\u00e1n, M.G. 1994. Reproducci\u00f3n, edad ytalla de primera madurez de la macarela Scomberjaponicus (Houttuyn, 1782) en Bah\u00eda Vizcaino. Cienc. Mar., 20(3):409-419.<\/p><p>28. Schaefer, K.M. i 980. Synopsis of biological data on the chub mackerel, Scomberjaponicus Houttuyn, i 782, in the Pacific Ocean. IATTC, Spec. Rep., 2:395-446.<\/p><p>29. Jord\u00e1n, R., J. Csirke &amp; I. Tsukayama. 1978. Situaci\u00f3n de los recursos anchoveta, sardina, jurel y caballa a junio de 1 978. Informe Inst. Mar Per\u00fa-Callao, No. 56.<\/p><p>30. Kotlyar, A.N. &amp; AA. Abramov. 1983. Some biological properties of peruvian mackerel, Scomberjaponicus peruanus (Scombridae). J. Ichthyol., 22(6):91 -101.<\/p><p>31. Alekseev, E.l. &amp; V.1. Isakov. 1986. Spawning pattern, reproductive cycle and range of Scomberjaponicus peruanus (Jordan et Hubbs). In: Life cycles, Distribution and migrations ofcommercialfishesfrom the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, V.1. Sauskan (ed.), pp. 59-68. Moscow.<\/p><p>32. Mi\u00f1ano, J. &amp; J. Castillo. 1971. Primeros resultados de la investigaci\u00f3n biol\u00f3gico-pesquera de la \u00abcaballa\u00bb Scomberjaponicusperuanus J . y H . . Serie Informes Especiales Inst. Mar. Per\u00fa-Callao N2 I M -84: 1 \u2013 i 6.<\/p><p>33. Mendo, J. i 984. Edad, crecimiento y algunos aspectos reproductivos y alimentarios de la caballa Scomber japonicus peruanus. Bol. Inst. Mar Per\u00fa-Callao, 8(4):1O1 -156.<\/p><p>34. Torrej\u00f3n-Magallanes, J., S\u00e1nchez, J., Mori, J., Bouchon, M., &amp; \u00d1iquen, M. (2017). Estimaci\u00f3n y variabilidad temporal de talla de madurez gonadal de la caballa (Scomber japonicus peruanus) en el litoral peruano. Revista peruana de biolog\u00eda, 24(4), 391-400.<\/p><p>35. Garc\u00eda, M.L. 1983. Variabilidad en la distribuci\u00f3n y abundancia de huevos y larvas de macarela (Scomber japonicusperuanus) y de algunos clupeidosen aguas ecuatorianas. In: Sharp, G.D. &amp; J. Csirke (eds). Proceedings of the expert consultation to examine changes in abundance and species composition of neritic fish resources, San Jose, Costa Rica, 18-29 April 1983. A preparatory meeting for the FAO World conference offisheries management and development. FAO. Fish. Rep., 291 (2):151-178.<\/p><p>36. Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental (2020). Artes ym\u00e9todos de pesca del Per\u00fa. Serie ilustrativa. Lima: SPDA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73323bf elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"73323bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"http:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hoja-Tecnica-1-.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Descarga la Ficha T\u00e9cnica<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Especie pel\u00e1gica ner\u00edtica, de la familia Scombridae, habita preferentemente en aguas oce\u00e1nicas, con temperaturas que fluct\u00faan de 15 a 23\u00b0 C y un rango de salinidad de 34,8 a 35,25 ups. Su distribuci\u00f3n abarca desde Manta e Islas Gal\u00e1pagos (Ecuador) hasta el sur de Bah\u00eda Darwin (Chile) y hasta las 200 mn fuera de la costa. Dentro de la columna de agua en a\u00f1os normales realiza desplazamientos hasta los 100 m de profundidad; durante eventos Ni\u00f1o se ha encontrado hasta los 240 m, sin embargo, las mayores concentraciones se localizan sobre los 60 m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1700,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nombre-cientifico"],"amp_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1698"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1736,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698\/revisions\/1736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1700"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tumi.lamolina.edu.pe\/infopes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}